Wind Power - Harnessing the Power of Nature Essay -- Exploratory Essay

Abstract intrude power is an up and coming conformation of zipper production in the United States and on the world stage. revolve zipper production is the process of harnessing the power of the natural world for the benefit of humans. It has veritable from incipient stages in tenth century Persia to highly sophisticated systems which take advantage of modern knowledge of physics and environmental science to maximize energy potential. Many challenges to its success exist, including public apathy, governmental dis enkindle, and environmental hazards, but on the whole it is among the cleanest and most promising means of producing electricity. Without understanding overturn power, one cannot desire to adequately comprehend the future of energy.IntroductionWind power is among the fastest growing and least polluting forms of energy available today. The recent rise of public interest in renewable energy over the past few years has inspired an explosive twenty-five percent growth per year in the wind industry. Though wind power currently provides just one percent of the worlds energy, it is for the most part an untapped resource. Estimates place its potential for energy production at twenty percent of the worlds total needs. In short, wind power is going places, and it is important that scientists and citizens keep up. (Botkin and Keller, 357)HistoryWind power originated under the most practical of circumstances the need to crush grain for flour. Originally a labor-intensive process of hand pressing between stones, the challenge to find a better way to mill flour soon engaged the human imagination. This led to hand cranks, horse-drawn axles, and eventually watermill... ... Wind Power and Other might Options. Ann Arbor, Michigan The Universityof Michigan Press, 1978.National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Clean Energy Basics Introduction to Wind Energy. 2003. 27 April 2003. clean_energy/wind.htmlRighter, Robert. Wind Energy in America. Norman, Oklahoma Un iversity of Oklahoma Press, 1996.Tse, Lawrence, and Duane Bong. Environmental Impact of Wind Turbines. Vision Engineer.com. 2003. 29 April 2003. www.visionengineer.com/env/wind environmental_impact.shtmlUnited States Department of Energy. Wind Energy Program. 2001. 28 April 2003.Union of Concerned Scientists. Bush Budget Slashes Funds for Renewable Energy Sources. News. 2003. 29 April 2003. www.ucsusa.org/news.cfm?newsID=328

Essay --

Unit 3 QuestionsDirections Completely outline each prompt. This is a typed assignment. Fill in each box completely. If it says do one or two of the following do all. For thesis statement just choose one point. 10 points off for every day late.1. Analyze the changes and continuities in the Arabic worlds acceptance of ONE of the following items between 700 and 1400. Be sure to discuss the causes of the changes as well as the reasons for the continuities.ArtsTechnologySciencesdissertation with road map DO NOT just repeat the prompt.Throughout this time period there has been changes and continuities among the Arab population acceptance of blind. Mosques remained a focus of art most likely because much of them were firmly rooted in Islam. Break overpower each point. You need at least three pieces of evidence for each. arrest within the time periodArtsA variety of different art styles emerged in as appreciation of finer art became more panoptic spreadElements of architecture were dispersed such as roman archesMosques continued to be built throughout the Islamic Golden Age Technology pulverization was introduced to the middle east and began to develop in battleIrrigation technology was improved which lead to better yieldsImproved medical procedures epitomized by the breakthrough of modern operationSciencesSuperior mathematics allowed for advanced astronomical accuracyMathematical concepts such as geometry and algebra were developedThroughout the time the Arabic number system was utilize Global ConnectionA Global connection in the Arabic Empire between 1400 and 700 was the creation of madrassas or centers of learning. Muslims Jews and Christians all came together to learn there. The outflank example of a Madras that connected the ... ...tionship treatment of minority/indigenous religionsThesis with road map DO NOT just repeat the prompt.Break down each point. You need at least three pieces of evidence for each. Stay within the time periodDegree a doption of IslamSub-Saharan Africa accepted it greatlyEuropeans fought Islamic expansionMilitary conflictThe Crusades brought Europeans to try to reclaim the Holy LandMansa Musa expanded his Islamic empire in West Africa economical relationshipEuropean kingdoms traded widely with Mansa Musas kingdom for gold, and saltIslamic world taxed European goods traveling through the Middle EastTreatment of minority/indigenous religionEuropean kingdoms were intolerant of Islam, Jews and internal heresiesMansa Musa permitted a wide range of religions and fostered study of other religions and culturesGlobal Connection another(prenominal) helpful information

Roman Pool Essay -- Architecture Structure History Essays

roman Pool The private residence built by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in San Simeon, California is quite a target to behold. Originally named La Cuesta Encantada it is at present often referred to as Hearst Castle. It is located on a hilltop overlooking the Pacific Ocean in the Santa Lucia Mountains. The estate took 28 years to build and includes the primary(prenominal) house, guest houses, two pools, and acres of gardens, terraces and walkways. Its rooms and gardens are decorated with an impressive collection of antiques from around the world. One particularly inte alleviation building is the roman print Pool.The popish Pool at Hearst castle is a tiled indoor pool decorated with eight statues of roman print gods, goddesses and heroes. The pool appears to be styled after an antique Roman bath such as the Baths of Caracalla in Rome c. 211-17 CE. The mosaic tiled patterns were inspired by mosaics found in the 5 C. Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna, Italy (K astner, p. I-261.) They are to a fault representative of traditional marine monster themes that can be found in ancient Roman baths (Strong, p. 124.) The statues are blunt copies of ancient Greek and Roman statues. One such copy represents the Apoxyomenos. Statuary was used on a considerable scale in the Baths of Caracalla (Strong, p. 124.)The pool and adjoin room, which were built from 1927-1934, can be compared to an ancient Roman bath. The pool, like the baths, is located indoors. Its water was heated as in a tepidarium. However, in Hearsts complex thither were no hot or cold baths as there were in the ancient complex. The Roman Pool complex was designed to contain an exercise room, sweating baths, a handball court and bandaging rooms (Cohn/Kastner p. I-258.) The Baths of Caracalla covere... ...ing fingers of the outstretched hand. We will never know what Hearst was thinking when he created his Roman Pool. Was he hoping to accurately depict an ancient Roman bath, or did he j ust like Roman art? Overall he kept to a romanticized 1930s version of the Roman theme, with decorations that span trinity centuries. Looking at the rest of his castle leads one to believe that Hearst combined whatever he thought was impressive. This pool is truly impressive. Works CitedBoardman, John. Greek Art. brisk York Frederick A. Praeger, 1964.Cohn, Leslie and Kastner, Vicki. Roman Pool. (Information from Hearst Castle P.R. Department)Hutton, Edward. The bill of Ravenna. London J.M.Dent & Sons, Ltd, 1926.Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1995.Strong, David. Roman Art. Harmondsworth, England Penguin Books, Ltd, 1976. Roman Pool Essay -- Architecture Structure History EssaysRoman Pool The private residence built by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst in San Simeon, California is quite a site to behold. Originally named La Cuesta Encantada it is now often referred to as Hearst Castle. It is located on a hilltop overlooking the Pacific Ocean in the Santa Lucia Mountains. The estate took 28 years to build and includes the main house, guest houses, two pools, and acres of gardens, terraces and walkways. Its rooms and gardens are decorated with an impressive collection of antiques from around the world. One particularly interesting building is the Roman Pool.The Roman Pool at Hearst castle is a tiled indoor pool decorated with eight statues of Roman gods, goddesses and heroes. The pool appears to be styled after an ancient Roman bath such as the Baths of Caracalla in Rome c. 211-17 CE. The mosaic tiled patterns were inspired by mosaics found in the 5 C. Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna, Italy (Kastner, p. I-261.) They are also representative of traditional marine monster themes that can be found in ancient Roman baths (Strong, p. 124.) The statues are rough copies of ancient Greek and Roman statues. One such copy represents the Apoxyomenos. Statuary was used on a considerable scale in the Baths of Caracalla (Strong, p. 124.)The pool and surrounding room, which were built from 1927-1934, can be compared to an ancient Roman bath. The pool, like the baths, is located indoors. Its water was heated as in a tepidarium. However, in Hearsts complex there were no hot or cold baths as there were in the ancient complex. The Roman Pool complex was designed to contain an exercise room, sweat baths, a handball court and dressing rooms (Cohn/Kastner p. I-258.) The Baths of Caracalla covere... ...ing fingers of the outstretched hand. We will never know what Hearst was thinking when he created his Roman Pool. Was he hoping to accurately depict an ancient Roman bath, or did he just like Roman art? Overall he kept to a romanticized 1930s version of the Roman theme, with decorations that span three centuries. Looking at the rest of his castle leads one to believe that Hearst combined whatever he thought was impressive. This pool is truly impressive. Works CitedBoardman, John. Greek Art. New Yor k Frederick A. Praeger, 1964.Cohn, Leslie and Kastner, Vicki. Roman Pool. (Information from Hearst Castle P.R. Department)Hutton, Edward. The Story of Ravenna. London J.M.Dent & Sons, Ltd, 1926.Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1995.Strong, David. Roman Art. Harmondsworth, England Penguin Books, Ltd, 1976.

The Importance of Recycling :: Environment Ecology Essays Papers

The Importance of RecyclingRecycling is an important project everyone should be part of. If we do not recycle many landfills where we perplex garbage will be filled up faster and we will use more of our natural resources to make the products we could have made from recycled material. My entire purport people have been standing over my shoulder making sure I am cycle everything possible. In high school we had huge recycling bins all over the entire school. Down every hall there was a regular garbage can, a garbage can for pop cans, and a bin for paper products and glass bottles. It was important to everyone that garbage was disposed of in the proper places. First of all we have all been taught that this was the appropriate thing to do and secondly out of common courtesy. We knew that our janitors would take the time to move cans and glass bottles from the wrong trash bins to the correct ones. I was a little surprised and bilk with the recycling bins placed in my dorm, Patt erson. There are three huge garbage cans and one tiny recycling bin. The bin is only large tolerable to hold about six cans or bottles. It does not promote recycling very well, not to mention that it is usually filled with new garbage bags utilize to replace the bags in the large garbage cans. So even if you want to recycle something there is no room. The book Great Expectations taught me to love the environment more. The characters in this book took great pride in caring for the gardens and the land around the house. The hired boy would work on the land a lot and it became handle his home also. He and the people who lived in this house cared about the land and its appearance. They loved to go back there after they were grown and walk around. I believe everyone should take time to appreciate the environment around him or her and find the beauty in it. It is also everyones job to pitch in and take care of our environment to keep it beautiful.

Einhard and Charlemagnes Palace School: A Mechanism for Wealth, Prestige, Power and Success :: essays research papers fc

Einhard was a courtier in Charlemagnes Frankish Kingdom. During Charlemagnes rule/life (768-824), he sanctified a vast amount of time and energy into supporting the notions of classical learning. He went so far as to start a nurture comprised of legion(predicate) scholars within his palace. Their role was to educate the nobility, the priesthood and the people, as well as hold counsel with the king. This is where Einhard and Charlemagne first encountered each former(a). Einhard was a small but intelligent opus who came to prominence in the PiousCharlemagnes and Charlemagnes sons kingdom. It is often asked how such a small globe came to be the heart of the kingdom, and how the court school and the opportunities it provided influenced his success. During the late 8th and early 9th century, Charlemagne came to power. He expanded the kingdom and conceived many reforms during his reign.Charlemagne ruled the Frankish Kingdom from 768-814. He was one of Pepin the terzettos two sons. C harlemagnes brother, Carolman died in 771, and Charlemagne became the sole ruler of the Franks. Almost as soon as Charlemagne assumed the throne he commenced a series of campaigns. From 772-804 Charlemagne was at war with Saxony, from 773-774 Charlemagne was also at war with the Lombards in Italy. In 778, Charlemagne was invited into Northern Italy to extend Christian influence. In 787 Charlemagne invaded and seized Bavaria. Finally, from 788-797, Charlemagne launched a campaign against the tribal horsemen, the Avars. In 789, Charlemagne issued The General Admonition, the concept of the memorandum was that moral reform requires education. At this time, Charlemagne created the palace school at his court, scholars were brought to this school to reform the Frankish priests and people. Various other reforms took place during this time, such as the untried form of writing, Carolingian Minuscule, and the writing down of law codes. On December 25, 800, Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman emperor butterfly by Pope Leo the third in the St. Peters cathedral in Rome. Charlemagne died in 814, and was succeeded by his only remaining son, Louis the Pious.Louis the Pious reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 814-840. When he assumed the throne he quickly replaced administers within the palace. Louis the Pious had three sons Lothar, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German. Near the beginning of his reign, Louis already face conflict. In 818, Louis quashed a rebellion orchestrate by his cousin, Count Bernard of Aquitaine .Einhard and Charlemagnes Palace School A Mechanism for Wealth, Prestige, Power and Success essays research papers fc Einhard was a courtier in Charlemagnes Frankish Kingdom. During Charlemagnes rule/life (768-824), he dedicated a vast amount of time and energy into supporting the notions of classical learning. He went so far as to start a school comprised of many scholars within his palace. Their role was to educate the nobility, the priesthood and the p eople, as well as hold counsel with the king. This is where Einhard and Charlemagne first encountered each other. Einhard was a small but intelligent man who came to prominence in the PiousCharlemagnes and Charlemagnes sons kingdom. It is often asked how such a small man came to be the heart of the kingdom, and how the court school and the opportunities it provided influenced his success. During the late 8th and early 9th century, Charlemagne came to power. He expanded the kingdom and conceived many reforms during his reign.Charlemagne ruled the Frankish Kingdom from 768-814. He was one of Pepin the thirds two sons. Charlemagnes brother, Carolman died in 771, and Charlemagne became the sole ruler of the Franks. Almost as soon as Charlemagne assumed the throne he commenced a series of campaigns. From 772-804 Charlemagne was at war with Saxony, from 773-774 Charlemagne was also at war with the Lombards in Italy. In 778, Charlemagne was invited into Northern Italy to extend Christian i nfluence. In 787 Charlemagne invaded and seized Bavaria. Finally, from 788-797, Charlemagne launched a campaign against the tribal horsemen, the Avars. In 789, Charlemagne issued The General Admonition, the concept of the document was that moral reform requires education. At this time, Charlemagne created the palace school at his court, scholars were brought to this school to reform the Frankish priests and people. Various other reforms took place during this time, such as the new form of writing, Carolingian Minuscule, and the writing down of law codes. On December 25, 800, Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo the third in the St. Peters cathedral in Rome. Charlemagne died in 814, and was succeeded by his only remaining son, Louis the Pious.Louis the Pious reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 814-840. When he assumed the throne he quickly replaced administers within the palace. Louis the Pious had three sons Lothar, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German. Near the b eginning of his reign, Louis already faced conflict. In 818, Louis quashed a rebellion orchestrated by his cousin, Count Bernard of Aquitaine .

Einhard and Charlemagnes Palace School: A Mechanism for Wealth, Prestige, Power and Success :: essays research papers fc

Einhard was a courtier in Charlemagnes Frankish Kingdom. During Charlemagnes rule/life (768-824), he employ a vast amount of cartridge holder and energy into supporting the notions of classical learning. He went so far as to start a shallow comprised of soldieryy another(prenominal) scholars within his castling. Their role was to educate the nobility, the priesthood and the people, as well as hold counsel with the king. This is where Einhard and Charlemagne first encountered each other. Einhard was a small but intelligent man who came to prominence in the PiousCharlemagnes and Charlemagnes sons kingdom. It is often asked how such a small man came to be the heart of the kingdom, and how the court school and the opportunities it provided influenced his success. During the late 8th and early 9th century, Charlemagne came to power. He expanded the kingdom and conceived many reforms during his reign.Charlemagne ruled the Frankish Kingdom from 768-814. He was one of Pepin the deuce- aces two sons. Charlemagnes brother, Carolman died in 771, and Charlemagne became the sole ruler of the Franks. Almost as soon as Charlemagne assumed the throne he commenced a series of campaigns. From 772-804 Charlemagne was at war with Saxony, from 773-774 Charlemagne was also at war with the Lombards in Italy. In 778, Charlemagne was invited into northerly Italy to extend Christian influence. In 787 Charlemagne invaded and seized Bavaria. Finally, from 788-797, Charlemagne launched a campaign against the tribal horsemen, the Avars. In 789, Charlemagne issued The General Admonition, the concept of the written document was that moral reform requires education. At this time, Charlemagne created the palace school at his court, scholars were brought to this school to reform the Frankish priests and people. Various other reforms took place during this time, such as the young form of writing, Carolingian Minuscule, and the writing dump of law codes. On December 25, 800, Charlemagne wa s crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo the third in the St. Peters cathedral in Rome. Charlemagne died in 814, and was succeeded by his only remaining son, Louis the Pious.Louis the Pious reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 814-840. When he assumed the throne he quick replaced administers within the palace. Louis the Pious had three sons Lothar, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German. Near the beginning of his reign, Louis already faced conflict. In 818, Louis quashed a rebellion orchestrate by his cousin, Count Bernard of Aquitaine .Einhard and Charlemagnes Palace aim A Mechanism for Wealth, Prestige, Power and Success essays research papers fc Einhard was a courtier in Charlemagnes Frankish Kingdom. During Charlemagnes rule/life (768-824), he dedicated a vast amount of time and energy into supporting the notions of classical learning. He went so far as to start a school comprised of many scholars within his palace. Their role was to educate the nobility, the priesthood an d the people, as well as hold counsel with the king. This is where Einhard and Charlemagne first encountered each other. Einhard was a small but intelligent man who came to prominence in the PiousCharlemagnes and Charlemagnes sons kingdom. It is often asked how such a small man came to be the heart of the kingdom, and how the court school and the opportunities it provided influenced his success. During the late 8th and early 9th century, Charlemagne came to power. He expanded the kingdom and conceived many reforms during his reign.Charlemagne ruled the Frankish Kingdom from 768-814. He was one of Pepin the thirds two sons. Charlemagnes brother, Carolman died in 771, and Charlemagne became the sole ruler of the Franks. Almost as soon as Charlemagne assumed the throne he commenced a series of campaigns. From 772-804 Charlemagne was at war with Saxony, from 773-774 Charlemagne was also at war with the Lombards in Italy. In 778, Charlemagne was invited into Northern Italy to extend Chri stian influence. In 787 Charlemagne invaded and seized Bavaria. Finally, from 788-797, Charlemagne launched a campaign against the tribal horsemen, the Avars. In 789, Charlemagne issued The General Admonition, the concept of the document was that moral reform requires education. At this time, Charlemagne created the palace school at his court, scholars were brought to this school to reform the Frankish priests and people. Various other reforms took place during this time, such as the new form of writing, Carolingian Minuscule, and the writing down of law codes. On December 25, 800, Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo the third in the St. Peters cathedral in Rome. Charlemagne died in 814, and was succeeded by his only remaining son, Louis the Pious.Louis the Pious reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 814-840. When he assumed the throne he quickly replaced administers within the palace. Louis the Pious had three sons Lothar, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German. Nea r the beginning of his reign, Louis already faced conflict. In 818, Louis quashed a rebellion orchestrated by his cousin, Count Bernard of Aquitaine .

A Futile Task- the Catcher in the Rye Essay

The teenager stands on a hill in complete solitude, watching the nearby football game, and contemplating if he should say a final examination farewell to the school. Ambivalent, the melancholy teenager leaves himself in a confused and vulnerable position to the l 1ly and corrupt reality of the world. In an attempt to endure the vices that transform the blissful spirit, he feels the need to make things right by saving what little recognizable evidence of purity that the world has not already desecrated. alone throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye, author J. D. Salinger establishes Holdens bizarre attraction toward particular places, objects, and experiences, past and present. The author concurrently sets out the subtle, tender push that Holden has for the preservation of innocence and where life will ultimately end up. At essential channels in the plot, Salinger embodies these two motifs, which metaphorically represent each other, in install to uncover the true sadness that lurks in an abandoned Holden.By doing this, the author reveals the greater theme that unlike artifacts of history, constrained the human spirit would severely hinder any opportunity of development for community. Salinger constantly highlights the motif of Holdens endeavors to preserve innocence from being tainted by corruption. The author first presents this through the objects that Holden develops a bond with. To demonstrate that bond, Salinger produces a scene in which Holden visits his old teacher, Mr. Spencer, one of the few concerned about the boy.The teacher asks Holden to read his paper about Egyptian mummifying aloud. Salinger first demonstrates Holdens obsession for the preservation of life when Holden divulges that Modern science would hushed like to know what the secret ingredients were that the Egyptians used when they wrapped up drained people so that their faces would not rot for innumerable centuries (Salinger 16). Implying the deep interest that Holden possesses for this subject, Salinger underscores that the teenager may have experienced a harrowing event relating to the matter.Because Holden would still dearly like to know the secret of maintaining life in such a state, the author also exposes Holdens unawareness of the topic altogether. Leaving Holden in an unaware state, the author then inserts the minor motif of Holdens younger brothers baseball mitt to clear the confusion. When asked to write a report for a classmate, of all the topics Holden decides to write about, the nostalgic adolescent distinguishes his younger brothers baseball mitt.With this sacred object, Salinger links it to Holdens goal for conserving the unharmed and the aesthetic, as the glove had poems scribed all over it in ink. The author represents the ink as the permanence in which the item endures. Similar to the beloved baseball mitt, Holden finds solidity in a Little Shirley Beans record that he purchases. Identifying the song eternally preserved on the record, the writer elucidates that Holden still preserves things in the state that they are left, neer allowing them to change.Salinger also represents Holdens monument of the innocence of childhood, the record reminding him of that period. In addition to the revered objects, the author exhibits a pattern in Holdens experiences and anecdotes that motivate Holden in the direction of making events like those last for an eternity. One of Holdens recollections that Salinger touches on briefly involves Holden playing checkers with a childhood friend, Jane Gallagher. At one point in the game, Jane cries, and sensing this, Holden drives his efforts to console with her, kissing her all over her face, avoiding her mouth.Symbolizing the need to protect Jane and her virginity, the author portrays Holden comforting her instead of violating her, revealing the tender empathy that Holden possesses. previous to reflecting this memory, Holden underwent an instance of rejection at a bar, and seeing what li ttle empathy people have, Holden tries to remember a positive memory to keep his motivation a last. One of Holdens fondest memories stems from the remembrance of his younger brother. When given time to ruminate upon his past, Allie stands out as the ideal brother that Holden would never find in any other person.Salinger distinguishes Allie as terrifically intelligent and that he was also the nicest he never got mad at anybody. People with red hair are supposed to get mad really easily, only Allie never did, and he had very red hair (Salinger 50). Portraying Allie as the epitome of childhood innocence, the author juxtaposes this to Holdens thoughts of preserving purity. Because his sibling passed away at an extremely young age, Holdens sole coping strategy involves the thought of bringing back his brother, thinking that someone as magnanimous as Allie deserves to live on.Despite Holdens naive point of view toward what troubles him, he finally begins to subtly realize something abo ut his brother. Salinger weaves a scene of Holden conversing with volt, his younger sister, and the teenager mentions that he loves Allie, thinking that he still exists. Following Phoebes comment that Allie is dead, Holden refuses to accept and reveals that Just because somebodys dead, you dont just gibe liking them, for Gods sakeespecially if they were about a thousand times nicer than the people you know thatre alive an all (Salinger 223).Salinger highlights a rare moment someone offering guidance to Holden, accepting that he is stuck. By displaying Holden touching upon Allie, Salinger expresses the adolescent beginning to address the connection with Allie. However, Holden still possesses the unawareness to come to terms with this. Salinger effectively amplifies the essence of Holdens being in a thought of the teenager. The author illustrates a dream of Holden desiring to catch children who accidentally run off the ledge of a cliff in the rye field, the adolescent defining hims elf as a catcher in the rye.The author resembles Holden as a selfless martyr in this thought, leaving Holden in bliss that he can save people if they fall the author makes clear that, for Holden, danger should be avoided by all means and at all costs. Salinger stems the implication from Holdens own dealings with losses Perhaps the most important category that Holden associates with conservation and longing consists of the places that he visits. One of the first locations that Salinger introduces pertains to the museum, a site of never changing exhibits.The boy favors that all the displays stay the way they are and that things are unploughed in fixed positions. By symbolizing the museum as a place where nothing changes, Salinger mirrors the setting to Holdens opposition to growing up and change. Salinger initiates the beginning of a epiphany for Holden when the teenager travels to his old elementary school to meet with Phoebe. The writer describes the school as familiar to Holden W hile appearing to give up hope on the world, Holden sees yet another instance of chicanery.The author depicts an obscenity on the wall that appalls Holden, and in the act he makes of rubbing it out, Salinger reiterates Holden as a savior designing and that combating all of evil can be accomplished. The author furthers the learning experience for Holden when the teenager returns to the museum. Although feeling tranquil while all alone in one of the showcases, Holden observes yet another contemptible obscenity, defacing one of the glass cases.By repeating the obscenity for Holden, Salinger starts to affirm in Holden that he cannot keep everything clean and pure but must accept events like these once in a while. Finally pivoting Holdens vague realization to the last crucial place, Salinger fleshes out the epiphany. Accompanied by phoebe, Holden views one of the carousels nearby, his attraction to it brought on by the fact that the ride always plays the same song. Holden again clings t o a familiar tangent and what comforts him. Yet, the teenager watches Phoebe go around on the carousel and sees her and other children trying to grab for the gold ring.Salinger depicts Holden as afraid that shed fall off but he does not react, as Holden realizes that If they fall off, they fall off, but its bad if you say anything to them (Salinger 274). Paralleling and directing opportunity and danger close together, Salinger enables acceptance in Holden that if people stay the same way, there leaves no room for development, thus rendering them static, strayed from the dynamics of change, and this time, Holden does not deny Phoebe or himself the opportunity to mature.

First Year Experience

English 1301Professor Terri Craig20th March 2018Registration DayWelcome to Lonestar Cy fair for the saltation semester of 2018 all new and incoming scratch year college students. We here at Lonestar wish nonhing but the best for you in your academician careers while pursing your degree, in whatever that may be. Today will be your first introduction into the Lonestar college and registration system.The registration process may seem overwhelming at first but that is simply because you remove never had an experience like it before. Once you understand how everything operates around here, you will realize how sincere and easy registration truly is.I will be going over deciding your major, choosing your classes, and setting up financial aid. Everything will be explained in detail so that on that point will not be any confusion along the process.First things first, you all want to have a major so that you all do not waste your time. Everyone is not expected to know exactly what the y would like to major in, so having an idea is also fine. To anyone who is unsure on their major you jakes meet up with any of our advisors here at the school free of charge Monday through Friday.They will dig into your personality a bit, asking you dissimilar questions such as are you more of an introvert or extrovert, also your preferences to point you in the right direction of what to major in. The advisors will also athletic supporter students settle on which classes to take to reach the ultimate goal of graduating.Deciding on a major is important for two reasons when first starting by college. Reason one being that you all do not want to waste your time chasing a career path that does not suit you or you do not enjoy. Secondly, in order to excerption your classes accordingly, you have to have a major. Having a major brings me into my second topic, which is picking your classes.Picking your classes will be the easiest travail you have on registration day.You all will choo se your classes in the enrolment lab the Enrollment Lab is a computer lab located on the first floor and is available to students who need assistance. During this process you will be able to decide on the days, time, and types of classes you wish to take.Do you want to have class in a classroom or online?Or do you want to have a mixture of both? Are you a good morning person who can function or do you prefer to sleep in and have class later in the day? You have the filling to pick and decide how you want to approach your classes. If you would like to know more about your potential professor, you can look up the different reviews they have to decide if they best match your learning style.Once you have decided on your classes, all you have to do is register and you are good to go. Its best to pick classes that day because they will often fill up quickly. Now that you all have decided on your major and which classes to go along with that, you need to keep back in with financial aid .Financial aid is not a requirement for everyone who attends college, but for most it is a major help.If you are interested in financial aid, barely yourself the hassle and have everything you need prepared before you go, to save yourself a bit of time. Financial aid is funding available to students to assist with the completion of academic programs if you qualify for it. This includes student loans, scholarships, and work study programs just to name a few.It is best to go early to the financial aid office because it is often the busiest on registration day. Registration day is always confusing for any new comer into any college system. However, as you can tell the, registration process is not that difficult at all. Once you decide on a major, the other steps just come naturally. I hope you all find it simple and easy to navigate around the school on registration day.

Geographic Factors

Geographical features be the components of the Earth. There are two types of geographic features, namely natural geographical features and stilted geographical features. Natural geographical features embarrass merely are not limited to landforms and ecosystems. For example, terrain types, bodies of water, natural units (consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning unneurotic with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment) are natural geographical features. Meanwhile, human settlements, engineered constructs, etc. re types of artificial geographical features. Contents hide 1 Natural geographical features 1. 1 Ecosystems 1. 2 Landforms 2 Artificial geographical features 2. 1 Settlements 2. 2 Engineered constructs 3 Cartographical features 4 See also 5 References editNatural geographical features editEcosystems Main member Ecosystem Any unit that includes all of the organisms (ie the community) in a given area the physical environmen t so that a flow of energy leads to clearly be trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i. e. exchange of materials mingled with living and nonliving parts) within the system is an ecosystem. 1 Living organisms are continually engaged in a set of relationships with every other element constituting the environment in which they exist, and ecosystem describes any situation where there is relationship between organisms and their environment. What makes them geographical features is that they are located A biome is a geographically define area of ecologically similar communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, often referred to as ecosystems.Biomes are defined based on factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and needleleaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and climate. Unlike ecozonse, biomes are not defined by genetic, taxonomic, or historical similarities. Biomes are often identified w ith particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation. An ecosystem is also where animals live in biomes(Ocean, Deserts, Grasslands and so on) editLandformsMain article Landform A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements. Oceans and continents are the highest-order landforms.A body of water is any substantive accumulation of water, usually covering the Earth. The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it may also include smaller pools of water such as ponds, puddles or wetlands. Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where w ater moves from one place to another are not always considered bodies of water, but are included here as geographical formations featuring water. editArtificial geographical features editSettlements Main article Human settlement A settlement is a permanent or temporary community in which people live. A settlement can range in size from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas. The medieval settlement research group (a British organisation)2 includes as part of a settlement, associated features such as roads, enclosures, field systems, boundary banks and ditches, ponds, position and woods, mills, manor houses, moats and churches. editEngineered constructs Main articles Construction engineering, Building, and Nonbuilding structure See also Infrastructure Engineered geographic features such as highways, bridges, airports, railroads, buildings, dams, and reservoirs, which are part of the anthroposphere because they are man-m ade, are artificial geographic features. editCartographical features Main articles Cartography and MapCartographical features are a type of abstract geographical feature they appear on maps but not on the orbiter itself, even though they are located on the planet. For example, you can tick off the Equator on maps, but if you were actually standing on the Equator you wouldnt be able to see it, because it is an entirely theoretical line used for reference, navigation, and measurement. editSee also Geography Physical geography Human geography Landscape editReferences Odum EP (1234534971) of ecology, third editionSaunders New York MSRG

A comprehensive protection plan

The primary objective of drawing a comprehensive egis scheme is to enable an individual or an organization to survive or avoid a disaster (security threat) and therefore continue with his/her normal daily activities smoothly. To be able to achieve the above, one has to to the full access the existing vulnerabilities in relations to the present, and predict future trends. As such therefore, comprehensive aegis planning is tedious, complex, and requires careful and proper strategizing. In lay show up for the plan to be relevant, both the security agent and the client confirm to make sure that, the plan is adhered to, up to the dot.Protection plans are not a two-month upchuck neither is it a plan that once completed one can forget about it. The plan must be maintained, and tested regularly to smoke its efficient.Any security protection plan has to be systematic so that in the end, security threats can be avoided. The spare-time activity steps need to be followed in order to c ome up with a comprehensive protection plan. 1) Plan description this involves things like (I) Pre-planning, which deals with the understanding of the immediate environment of an individual or an organization. (ii)Vulnerability assessment- This concentrates on activities which can reduce the possibility of a disaster occurrence.(iii) Disaster impact- A detailed study should be carried out to determine the outcome, should a disaster occur.(iv) Definition of tasks-this deals with the real incline of natural process should a disaster occur(v)Plan development-during this manakin, recovery plans are tackled and clearly documented.(vi) Testing phase-the above plan is now put into real test so as to gauge its feasibility and if possible alternatives are evaluated.(vii)Maintenance of the plan is a very critical phase as it determines the success of the whole plan should a security threat take place.(viii) Implementation of the plan this is the most important phase of a comprehensive pro tection plan since the plan will be of no use if it will not be fully implemented. As such implementation includes the following defining the plan approach, identifying plan implementers, and modifying the plan when need be.The next step, number (2) plan objectives, which as said earlier the main objective of security protection plan is to enable an individual to survive a disaster and therefore carry on with their duties. As such, it requires critical operations trough out the course of plan. These critical operations can only be achieved by establishing of clear objectives.The objectives to any protection plan includes the following (I) provision of safety to people case of a disaster. (ii) Continuation with normal activities after a disaster. (iii) Minimize immediate damage and losses. (iv) Minimizing of disruption time. (V) Identify critical support incase the situations are out of control. These objectives help both the security agent and the client to be fully acquainted with the scope of the plan and the general security and safety procedures.Number three in this order is the plan organization and staffing. For the plan to be efficient, it inevitably to be effected by a number of people. Every level of the plan needs to be taken care of by professionals e.g. guards, drivers etc. initially we had said that protection planning is a tedious, complex, and labor-intensive program.This is so because it will be of no use to draw a detailed plan of action and fail to assign duties to specific people. Professionals as said earlier need to be in full time contact to execute the plan incase of a disaster happening.Lastly in this order are recourse requirements people or organizations who have tried to develop or implement protection plans without providing the necessary recourses have been largely unsuccessful.Therefore, it is imperative that in order to successfully carry out a protection plan, the essential recourses must be employed to the maximum. Of importan ce also is the regular testing of plans due to changes of time, and environment. These recourses can be divided into three categories strength costs, capitals costs, and on-going costs.( http//www.utoronto.ca/security/documentation/business_continuity/dis_rec_plan.htm)The above steps when followed keenly, then a comprehensive security protection plan can be drawn and successfully penalize when need arises. In our contemporary society, security threats have become the order of the day and therefore there is a need to come up with protection plans to combat these threats.Some of the most areas, which are frequently affected when disaster strikes are communication networks, personal security, and transport systems. The following is a detailed plan of action to undertake in relation to communication, personal security, and transportation of a client.

Why Do You Think This Strategy Became Less Viable in the 1990’s?

Chapter 12 The Strategy of International Business Key Points of the chapter Strategy is the actions managers pee to attain the goals of the business (usually to maximize rate for the sh arholders/stakeholders). Value Chain The trading operations of the firm compose the tax chain which are the series of think of creating activities that move on to give value. These actions include sales, interbreedingwayion, IT, accounting etc. These activities are divided into support and primary activities.Primary Activities Design, creation and deli rattling of the harvest-festival. They are 1. R&D 2. labor 3. Marketing 4. Sales Support Activities Inputs that allow the primary activities to occur 1. In solveation Systems 2. Logistics 3. Human Resources Global Expansion Practices 1. Expand the market for your domestic products by interchange internationally (Export) Requires a company to tap into their ve haveable marrow competencies 2.Move production to the most efficient count ries to realize location economies Some countries have a relative favour of production Transportation comprises and conduct barriers moldiness not be an issue Location Economies is the value created by finding the most emulous place to produce product, therefore adding value i. Competitive provide mean cheapest or best Creates a world(a) value web as remote to a value chain 3.Serve expanded markets from a single location, while recovering experience personal effects Experience curve Systematic reductions in production costs that occur over the life of a product i. A products production costs decline each time the cumulative book doubles Learning Effects Costs savings finished learning by doing Economies of Scale Reduce costs by creating a large mint of product, the larger your market, the more opportunity for this you receive. 4. Learn from abroad operations to increase your value Mature multinationals who already have operations in foreign markets can learn fro m their operations in format to create value for those specific customers. Pressures for Cost Reduction Managers can be forced to create value by reducing costs. This can be through through Mass-produce a standard product Outsource certain functions Tends to occur in highly commoditized products (Chemicals, sugar, gas, steel) Pressures for topical anaesthetic Responsiveness Arise beca theatrical role of Difference in consumer tastes and preferences Infrastructure Accepted Business practices Distri exactlyion channels May pray a change in trade strategy Host government demands International Expansion Strategies Global Expansion Strategy Focus Reaping cost reduction benefits through Economies of Scale Learning effects Locations economies Low Cost on a Global Scale Method R&D, Production and Marketing activities are concentrated in a some favorable locations Try not to customize their products/marketing strategy Use aggressive pricing When to utilise it Strong pr essures for cost reductions Minimal demand for fixLocalization Strategy Focus Increase profit mogul by customizing goods to match tastes and preferences in international markets Method Increase the value of the product in the local anesthetic market Duplication of functions Smaller production runs Still need to be as efficient as possible When to use it When cost pressures are not high When local tastes differ dramatically When you have fewer competitors Transnational Strategy Focus Multidirectional change over of core competencies and skills Leveraging subsidy skills Try to generate home the bacon low costs through location economies, economies of racing shell and learning effects while differentiating their products for the local market. Very difficult to accomplish Method Redesign products to use the same components and produce them in one location Use assembly plants in key markets to assemble the more market specific final product When to use it When customi zation and cost reduction pressures are high When managers have to balance the divergent pressures International Strategy Focus Taking products from your local country and without a good deal customization, cuckolding them in other markets.Method Centralize product development functions Tend to establish manufacturing and marketing functions in each major country or geographic region in which they do business. Increases costs but there are no cost pressures so that isnt an issue May settle to do some minor customization of the marketing strategy When to use it Low cost pressures Low need for local responsiveness Selling products that serve customary ask Do not have many competitors Chapter Questions Q2 What are the risks that Wal-Mart Faces when catching other retail markets?How can the risks be mitigated? Economic endangerments/Exposure likelihood that economic mis trouble will case drastic changes in a countrys business environment that hurt the profit and other goals of a particular business enterprise. Increase in inflation can hurt profits Recession Loss of confidence in the market and loans Legal Risks If Wal-Mart decides to enter a market where the legal system fails to provide adequate safeguards in the case of contract violations or to nurse property rights they are opening themselves up to legal risks. Could affect the great power to participate in long term contracts and joint ventures Cross Cultural Literacy Risk As experienced in this case, Wal-Mart suffered from cross cultural illiteracy, where they were ill informed about the practices of another culture which cause them to solve bad decisions. Mitigation Strategy Wal-Mart needs an adaptation strategy, which allows them to negotiate properly for the market, whop the appropriate pay systems, set up the right organization, etc.They can do this by hiring local citizens, or a consultant. Transaction Exposure Risk Extent to which foreign exchange values affect the income fro m individual transactions. Translation Exposure Risk Impact of currency exchange rates on the inform pecuniary statements. Mitigation Strategy Lead strategy where you collect the foreign receivables early. Lag strategy, involves delaying payables if the currency is expected to appreciate. Political Risks Depending on where Wal-Mart is choosing to expand to, political forces that ould cause a drastic change in the countrys business environment could adversely affect the profit and other goals of a business enterprise. Strikes Demonstrations terrorism Violent Conflict Enactment of unfavorable business laws CT 5 Reread the management focus on the evolution of strategy at Procter and Gamble, then answer these questions a) What strategy was P&G pursuing when it first entered foreign markets in the period up until the early 1990s? b) Why do you estimate this strategy became less viable in 1990s.In the pre-1990s era P&G found their international expansion through the use of a loc alization strategy. They did develop many of their products in Cincinnati, but they relied on their semi-autonomous subsidiaries to manufacture, market and customize many of their products for the local markets their served. This model started to show signs of strain when many of the trade barriers that existed, specifically mingled with European countries were lifted. This created an increase in tilt, and for P&G exposed their now unnecessary duplication of summations and processes.Also the creation of the big recess retailers (such as Wal-Mart and Tesco) were causing the matched factors driven by purchasing power to put pressures on lowering P&Gs outlays even further. due(p) to the increase in competition and the changing market conditions P&G closed some of their local plants and asked their subsidiaries to exploit as much economies of scale as possible in their production lines. They also asked their local centers to create and use global shufflings whenever possible to try and reduce marketing costs. While these cost avings were effective, they were take over not affluent and P&G then re form the company to be a pure Transnational Strategy, with more keep back occurring in the regional centers than ever before and using as little local responsiveness as possible to reach their customers so they could compete on price as much as possible. The benefits of the transnational strategy include Cost reduction Reducing duplication of assets Creating global brands Manufacturing in places that have a comparative advantage in the production of that product Increase market share by beating your competitors pricesRisks Very difficult to implement & manage Organizational Structures have to be very complex and it can lead to o Performance equivocalness o Confusion over corporate goals o Culture issues gamy coordination needs that are both formal and informal Chapter 13 The Organization of International Business Key Points of the Chapter Organization al Architecture the totality of a firms organization, organizational culture and people. These three areas must(prenominal) be addressed for a company to be successful in the global market place. The architecture must match the strategy of the firm.Organizational structure Formal division of the organization, the location of the decision make (centralize vs. decentralized) and the establishment of intergrating mechanisms to coordinate the activities of subunits. Control Systems are metrics used to measure the performance of subunits and make judgments about how well managers are running those subunits. Incentives are the divides used to reward appropriate managerial behavior. Incentrives are very close tied to performance metrics. Processes are the manner in which decisions are made and work is performed within the organization.Organizational Culture refers to the norms and values systems that the employees of an organization share. Organizations are societies of individuals who c ome together to perform collective tasks. pic Organizational Structure 1) Vertical Differentiation location of decision making a) Centralized When the decisions are made by upper berth management Pros bear facilitate coordination Ensure decisions are consistent with organizational objectives Give top level manager the means to bring about changes (authority) forfend duplication of activities ) Decentralized Local managers make the decisions Top management can become overburdened when decision making authority is centralized, which can result in poor decisions. Motivational research favors decentralization, people are more likely to give more to their jobs when they have a greater degree of individual liberty and control over their work. More rapid response Can result in better decisions because the people with the best information are the ones making the decisions. Can increase control, making the management more autonomous and therefore accoun display board.Frequent ly it makes sense to centralize some decisions and to decentralize others, depending on the type of decisions and the firms strategy. 2) Horizontal Differentiation formal organization structure Decision is made on functions, type of business or geographical area. International Division When a single division runs all the international activities. Facilitates the international strategy. Worldwide area structure World is divided into geographic areas, each division has its own value creation activities. Facilitates local responsiveness. Difficult to transfer core competencies. Worldwide product divisional structure Each division has its own value creation activities organized around the products they produce. Headquarters retain responsibility for the overall strategic development and fiscal control. Gives opportunities to consolidate the value chain creation of different subunits. Can require a lack of local responsiveness. Global Matrix Structure Tries to solve the issue Bar tlett and Ghoshal have argued where a company needs to be price competitive and locally responsive by creating a matrix where decisions are made by both product and regional managers.It is very difficult to braid off a global matrix structure as it creates conflict for the employees having two bosses with two different goals. In light of these problems many firms that pursue a transnational strategy have tried to build flexible matrix structures ground on enterprisewide management knowledge networks and a shared dual culture. 3) consolidation Mechanism mechanisms for coordinating subunits The need for integrating mechanisms changes with the strategy, the company is using Lowest Localization strategyHighest Global and Transnational Very important in firms act to transfer core competencies between units Very important in firms trying to recover economies of scale and learning experience with a web like value chain Questions CT2 Discuss the statement An understanding of the causes and consequences of performance ambiguity is central to issue of organizational design in multinational firms. Performance Ambiguity exists when the causes of a subunits poor performance are not clear.This is not uncommon when a subunits performance is partly qualified on the performance of other subunits when there is high interdependence between different subunits. In firms not pursuing a localization strategy, certain degrees of performance ambiguity are going to exist. In an international strategy, integration is required to facilitate the transfer of core competencies and skills. The success of a foreign operation is partly dependent on the quality of the competencies transferred from the home country, therefore these firms must design an organizational strategy with enough integrating mechanisms to achieve this.In firms pursuing a global standardization strategy they need to recover location and experience curve economies, making many of the firms processes interdepen dent. This will require even greater controls and integrating mechanisms and make the decisions more complex and the decision tradeoffs more substantial (i. e. save money on this product or spend money to make it easy to sell the product). Firms with the highest level of performance ambiguity are transnational firms. The multidirectional transfer of competencies requires significant interdependence and lots of join decision making, making the performance ambiguity very high.This means the control costs are going to be highest in transnational firms and that many of the costs recovered by the transnational strategy are lost to creating the expensive control systems that must exist to facilitate the strategy. Another byproduct of this strategy is that global and transnational firms need to do more than use only output controls of objective performance metrics such as profits, productivity and market share in vow to control their subsidiaries.These firms must reflection into cultural controls, encouraging managers to want to assume he norms and value systems and use those values to solve problems between the interdependent units and avoid finger pointing based on the output results. CT5 If a firm is changing its strategy from an international to a transnational strategy what are the most important challenges it is likely to face in implementing this change? How can the firm overcome these challenges?While becoming a multinational firm does not require a strategy change, in order to compete in the global economy and be the best at what you do, organizational change may become a requirement. First the company must decide their strategy and then they must develop an appropriate organizational structure to complement those goals. A transnational strategy focuses on the simultaneous science of location and experience curve economies, local responsiveness and global learning.This firm may want to look into a matrix structure where managers from regional and product areas come together to make decisions that will benefit both points of view. They need to implement control systems that will allow them to work with their globally dispersed value chain and to transfer core competencies and therefore will likely be more culturally driven then output driven. Decisions should be made at both a centralized and decentralized level depending on what the company needs to transfer between units and what specifically about the product needs to be locally responsive (e. . branding/marketing). There needs to be a mix of informal and formal integrating mechanisms which can be found in the decision matrix and via informal networking tools (e. g. Twitter). Finally there needs to be strong culture cultivation to keep all the units on the same scalawag which can be accomplished by a strong leadership with good vision and a impulsiveness to participate in the dissemination of that vision. According to the text edition the three basic principals for performing organizational change include 1) Unfreeze the corporation through shock therapy Incremental changes are not necessarily enough People can easily reject or avoid incremental change In this case the announcement of a dramatically different structural organization to facilitate the in the altogether goals Senior managers must lead the way in the changes and the unfreezing process 2) Move the org to a new state through proactive change in the architecture Reassigning the responsibilities in the new organization Changing the control systems to be less output based and more culturally based Letting people go who are unwilling to change The changes must be done quickly Involving the employees from the beginning will get their buy in and will makes the changes better received. 3) Refreeze the org in its new state This step can take longer It requires culture establishment while the old one is raze Re-socialization of employee behaviors Hiring policies must change Control syst ems must be tested and be consistent with the new culture and ignore the old one The upper management must be diligent and not allow the old pressure to creep up Chapter 14 Entry Strategy and Strategic Alliances Key Chapter Points deuce Major Ideas 1) The decision of which foreign markets to enter, when to enter them and on what scale 2) The choice of immersion mode Which Market (Recap of chapter 2) The attractiveness of a country as a potential market depends on balancing the benefits, costs and risks associated with doing business in that country Long Run economic benefits of a function of size of the market, designate wealth, likelihood of future wealth Future economic growth, which is a function of a free market system and the countrys capacity for wealth. Riskier in politically and economically unstable countries What kind of value the firm can create for consumers in that market Timing of Entry Early entry when a firm enters a foreign market before others do First mov ers advantage Pre-empt rivals Gain market share Establish a strong brand Creating switching costs to tie your buyers to you Set the price so you can cut prices when competitors arrive First movers disadvantage Pioneering costs, from the foreign business system organism so different that time and expense must be sacrificed to learn the ropes Business failure if the firm makes mistakes based on bad knowledge advancement of a new product or idea Late Entry When a firm enters a foreign market after other firms do Can watch what your competitors do, and learn from their mistakes Can ride the coattails of their marketing and promotion Dont need to educate your customers Scale of entry Large scale Requires significant resource commitment which can lead to strategy commitments, where you cant get out of the deal without woeful significant consequences o It does create a presence and instills belief that you are committed to your product and customers Small Scale o Allows a fi rm to learn the market without exposing the firm to risks o Way to gather information o Lack of commitment may make it harder to attract customers Entry Modes Exporting Advantages Avoids substantial costs of establish manufacturing operations in another country May help the firm achieve experience curve, location economies and economies of scale Disadvantages It may be cheaper to produce abroad High transportation costs on shipping could make it uneconomical to export Tariff barriers may prohibit your exporting, making it uneconomical, and the threat of tariff barriers can make it risky Delegates of the company that perform the sales, marketing, service may work for other competitors and therefore will not have your best interests in mind piece of ass Projects The contractor agrees to encompass every detail of the project for a foreign clients, including the training of operational personnel. At the end the client is handed the key to a fully functional plant. Typically in c omplex production businesses. Advantages The know how is a valuable asset and you can earn returns on that knowledge expedient when FDI is limited Can be less risky than traditional FDI Disadvantages No long term interest in that country May create a competitor out of the creator of your factory Could be selling your comparative advantage Licensing The licensor grants the rights to intangible property to another entity for a undertake period, and in return, he licensor receives a royalty fee from the licensee. Advantages Licensee puts up most of the capital Good for firms lacking capital Prohibited from direct investment in a foreign market Disadvantages (3 serious ones) Does not give tight control over manufacturing, marketing, strategy, etc. that si required for realizing the experience curve and location economies. Limits a firms ability to share wealth amongst various divisions, and therefore limits a coordinated international strategy Giving away your comparative a dvantage Franchising a specialized form of licensing in which the franchiser sells the IP, but also the franchisee needs to follow those specific rules the franchisor sets out. Advantages Firm is relieved of many of the costs and risks Good for firms lacking capital Good when you are prohibited from FDI in that country Allows you to build a global presence quickly Disadvantage Great for services, but perhaps not manufacturing Limits a firms ability to share wealth amongst various divisions, and therefore limits a coordinated international strategy There are different definitions of quality, safety, etc. in different places making it difficult to maintain your image across other countries Joint Ventures Establishing a firm that is jointly owned by two or more other than independent firms, its popular mode of entry into foreign markets. Advantages Get to benefit from the local firms knowledge of the host country culture, norms, language, political situation, etc. Provide the local knowhow to a new country Share the risks with another company Sometime political factors make it impossible not to partner with a local firm Disadvantages Risking giving away your comparative advantage to a potential competitor The firm doesnt have tight control over local operations, making it difficult for companies needing to transfer a culture Shared ownership can lead to conflicts between the two corporations, which can be exacerbated by the fact that the two firms are from different nations. Wholly Owned Subsidiary The firm owns 100% of the stock in the project. Can be done through a Greenfield venture, where you build a factory from scratch or via acquisition of an existing enterprise. Advantages Protect your knowledge Tight control Required to produce experience and locations economies Can engage in global strategic behaviors Disadvantages High costs and risks Culture transfer can be difficult, especially in wrong of an acquisition Chapter Questions Tesco Q2 How does Tesco create value in its international operations? Tesco creates value by offering something that the market is lacking a well run competitive grocery store. They enter emerging markets with growth potential and few competitors. They then acquire or partner with current enterprises in that country in order to ensure that the value they are creating will work for that particular consumer.Tesco researches their potential partners carefully, and they pick a solid chain with some stores and they build off of that cognise base. They bring to the table their core competencies, but they dont remove the local managers who have the knowledge of the customer. Finally they have the capital and the retailing know-how to bring their moderately successful firms into a globally back force. This value is created out of successfully leveraging the joint venture strategy, where both firms bring something useful to the table and both are given the opportunity to be successful with thei r knowledge. Grocery stores are part service and part goods firms.Tescos strengths exist in both, but they are leveraging their service and management know-how transfer through the use of the joint venture. We know that value creation is measured by the difference between the converted inputs that create the cost of a product and how much the consumer is willing to pay for that product. More specifically in this case it is the amount consumers are willing to pay for the goods inside of the Tesco subsidiary. Porter states that it is important for the firm to decide where it wants to be strategically positioned in terms of cost effectiveness, and differentiation. Tesco wants to be a low cost provider of all the goods a consumer would purchase at a grocery store.They compete through their value chain by gaining purchasing power through expansion, and by leveraging their values skills in foreign markets. CT 5 A small Canadian firm that has developed some valuable new medical products u sing its unique biotechnology know-how is trying to decide how best to serve the EU. Establishing a manufacturing firm outside of Canada is not outside of the firms reach, but it will be a stretch. Which of the following options would you recommend and why? a) Manufacture the product at home and let foreign sales agents handle the marketing. b) Manufacture the product at home and set up wholly own subsidiaries in Europe to handle marketing c) Enter into an alliance with a large European pharmaceutical firm.The product would be manuf in Europe y the 50/50 joint venture and marketed by the European firm. As stated in the text, if the firms core competency is the based on control over proprietary technological know-how, it should avoid licensing and joint-venture arrangements if possible to disparage the risks of losing control over that technology (option C). While the strategic alliance will allow for entry into the foreign market, I dont feel that the EU is such a different type of market that it would be impossible to find someone in the US who they could hire to help them understand that market. The confederation can give competitors low cost access to the new technology and markets.Wholly owned subsidiaries for marketing would allow for the marketing to be owned by the firm and therefore reduce the risks associated with using the local sales agents that may serve their own interests in lieu of the firms. However, I suggest that the core competency of the firm is not their marketing skills, but rather their technological know-how. This means that they would be choosing to take on major risks and expenses in order to transfer a non core competency and therefore find themselves at risk of failure. Going back to the Lincoln electric case, we saw how selecting a mode of entry strategy on something other than your comparative can lead to significant issues.Exporting (option a) allows for the firm to realize location economies, experience curve economies while s uffering from high transport costs, trade barriers and problems with local marketing agents. In this instance, the cost of shipping medical instruments is typically quite low, and the trade barriers between Canada and EU are nonexistent. However, they may find the local sales agents to be at odds with other competitors making it difficult to distribute the product. Despite this drawback however, I feel that the financial risks associated with option b and the dangers of losing their core competency in option c I would use the less risky option a. Chapter 15 Exporting, Importing and yield Trade Key Chapter Points Chapter Questions CT3 An alternative to using earn of credit is export credit insurance.What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the credit insurance rather than a letter of credit for exporting a) A luxury yacht from California to Canada b) Machine tools from New York to the Ukraine A letter of credit, abbreviated as L/C is Issued by the lodge at the request of the importer States the bank will pay a specified sum of money to a beneficiary, normally the exporter, on mystifyation of particular, specified documents Charge a percentage to the importer as a fee for the service May require the importer to do some type of deposit It is a financial contract Allows for the banks to determine the creditworthiness of your trade partner, so no relationship must exist for the trade to take place Export Credit Insurance sometimes exporters who require a letter of credit from an importer will lose their business to another exporter who doesnt require all the additional work Thus when the importer is in a strong bargaining position and able to play competing suppliers against each other, an exporter may have to forgo a letter of credit. This exposes the exporter to risk The exporter can protect themselves against that risk through the us of exporter insurance The FCIA provides coverage against commercial and political risks. Losses due to c ommercial risk result from the buyers insolvency or payment default. a) Because the competition for selling this product is somewhat high I would expect the buyer to have more power than the seller and therefore I could see them intercommunicate the seller to forgo the letter of credit. If that is the case export credit insurance will be the likely route to manage the trade.However, if the seller can get the buyer to comply the letter of credit between the reputable Canadian bank and the US bank will be a good asset to leverage if possible. b) Because of the nature of the transaction, the letter of credit may be the best solution. This way the seller can insure that the buyer is credit worthy and the bank will take care of the relationship needs so the buyer and seller do not have to create a relationship. My only caution would be that of the Ukrainian bank and whether you can trust their banking system. It may be more prudent to use the exporter insurance again to guard against t he ever present political and economic risks in that country. Structure Incentives & controls Processes Culture People

A Mini Vacation to Atlanta, Georgia Essay

Traveling is one of my familys favorite things to do. The family has visited numerous places throughout the United States, however, none argon as memorable as Atlanta, Georgia. In Atlanta, there are many places to go and sights to see such as Cola-cola factory, lettuce Patch Kids Factory, Under Ground M in all, the Zoo, Atlanta Braves Stadium, Six Flags Over Georgia, sway Mountain Park, and the Atlanta Aquarium, are all in or near the metropolis of Atlanta. The three that we visit on every trip to Atlanta are Six Flags, Stone Mountain, and the Atlanta Aquarium.Six Flags Over Georgia is a subject area park containing anything from circus foods to trilling rides. Six Flags provides many activities for all ages. It is non at all uncommon to see famous cartoon characters, such as Bugs Bunny, roaming around the park. Older children and adults who possess strong stomachs may enjoy riding the various roller coasters available. For example, The Batman, is my favorite. The Batman goes up and down steep hills and even loops upside down. My married woman closes her eyes the whole time on this ride. Six Flags also has water rides available to keep people cool. My favorite is Thunder River and Hurricane Harbor. Last June, my family and I were halcyon enough to get caught under the waterfall on Thunder River we were soaked which was good because we were hot. Six Flags also has games to play and many souvenir shops. As for the carnival foods I mentioned earlier, the rompnel cakes are absolutely delicious. I would highly recommend Six Flags as a place to go when visiting the Atlanta area.Stone Mountain Park is another tourist attraction near Atlanta. We spend most of our time there when visiting Atlanta. Not only is it a fun place to visit, but it is also historical. The mountain is the largest exposed piece of granite in the world. The face of the mountain was carved by the same man who carved Mt. Rushmore however, he did not finish it. The carving, whichis located on the natural covering of the mountain, remained unfinished until it became a state park. on that point is a high wire car that takes visitors up to the top of the mountain or one can choice to hike up the mountain. The carving represents three key figures of the Confederacy riding their horses, which are Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, and Jefferson Davis.The width of the carving is the width of a football field. Along with historical museums, the park has campgrounds and horseback riding, a train that goes around the mountain. There are also these vehicles that go on land and water. These car/boat vehicles are called Ducks. When you ride this attraction you are given a whistle that sounds like a duck quack gravel but fun at the same time. My favorite activity, however, is the laser show. The laser show takes place on the face of the mountain followed by a firework show. During the fall there is a fall festival with a pumpkin patch. My wife has the most adorable pictures of my kids in this pumpkin patch.Last, but definitely not the least, is the Atlanta Aquarium. My family and I did not even know this was attraction when visiting in 2005, we just happen to be visiting the week it opened. The aquarium of all time has a variety of sea life to view. The aquariums animals are displayed in six different galleries Georgia Explorer, Tropical Diver, Ocean Voyager, Cold peeing Quest, River Scout, and Dolphin Tales. Each corresponds to a specific environment. The Georgia Explorer exhibit is geared especially towards children. Of course this is my childrens favorite place in the Aquarium. It features a number of touch tanks with searays and sharks as well as exhibits featuring sea turtles and the wildlife of coral reef. My family and I spend several hours in here petting the sea life. There is also a caf and souvenir shop. My daughter still has the big finding Nemo stuffed animal that we purchased on our first visit in 2005.In conclusion, there are many places to visit in Atlanta. The most exciting ones include Six Flags, Stone Mountain, and the Atlanta Aquarium. Each one offer various forms of fun for all ages. For instance, Six Flags offer kiddie rides as well as rides for the older children and adults. Stone Mountain Park offers horseback riding and laser shows. Lastly, the Atlanta Aquarium, offers great ocean life and hands on educational attractions.Everyone should visit the city of Atlanta at least once, I know I have.

MCI Communications Corporation Essay

1-What is the likely level of MCIs external needs over the coterminous several years? By how much could they be expected to vary? Why?2-Critique MCIs past pecuniary strtategy, giving attention to the types of securities on which it has relied. Why did MCI finance itself in the mode it did?3-Based upon your analysis of the outlook for MCI and the competitive and regulatory evolution of the industry, recommend a capital structure policy for MCI and defend your proposal against plausible events.4-Assume that Mr.English, the MCI chief financial officer, has the following financial alternatives available to him as of April 1983a)$500 million of 12 1/2 , 20 year subordinated debenturesb)$400 million of common bourgeonc1)$600 million 7 5/8 20 year convertible subordinated debentures with conversion price of $ 54 per dower (i.e., $1,000 bond would be converted into 18.52 conmmon shares)c2) $1 billion of a unit package consisting of a $1000 7 , 10 year subordinated debenture and 18.18 wa rrants, each entitling the holder to purchase one share of MCI common stock for 55$. The warrants would be exercisable until 1988 and are callable. The exercisei price of the warrants would be payable either in cash or by surrender of the debentures wanted at their principal amount.Which if any of these alternatives would you recommend that Mr.English take? Why? In broad outline, what financing steps would you recommend he take overthe next several years?

Could the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet happen today? Essay

The story of the star crossed making lovers is a true catastrophe as there was so much potential for the relationship to work. The feelings that the couple from two houses alike in dignity were so immense that they ended up dying for each new(prenominal). If it wasnt for fate, their dedication would engender wholeowed them to grow old together, and non end up dying at such a youngish age. Fate is a continuous factor end-to-end the play and demands to much of the cataclysm. A ripe(p) character of this is the Capulet severalizey. It is quite ironic that Peter, the Capulets servant cant read the list of people invited to the Capulets political party.So he approaches Benvolio. This leads to Mercutio asking Romeo to come with them the party, which happens to be a masked ball, so they would non be identified as Montagues. In Act 1, aspect 4, Romeo says some consequence, yet hanging in the stars, shall bitterly begin this terrible date Even before he had met Juliet, Romeo h as predicted that something will start that night of the party but would lead to disaster and heartache- which it eventually does. Perhaps the largest part of that fate plays in the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is in Act 2, Scene 3, where mendicant Lawrence is established as a herbalist.This gives him the k straightledge to counterbalance the concoction that makes Juliet appear dead. If Juliet had not appe atomic number 18d dead, hence Romeo would surrender not nourish rendted suicide. Thus ending with them still a exsert, but by stake they both had visited mendicant Lawrence and not a different religious repre moveative. The relationship amongst the parents and children makes the suicides truly sad, as Romeo and Juliet were two children who would be missed. Montague and madam Montague were both concerned for Romeo when he is acting differently because of Rosalyns rejection. Lady Montague asks Benvolio, Romeos cousin, O where is Romeo? because she is concerned. Montague the n goes on to say Could we but learn from whence his sorrows grow, we would as willingly give cure as know. He is basically saying I would give anything to know what troubles my son, and to make it right. Capulet only exigencys the best for his daughter and at the beginning of the story Capulet tells genus genus Paris, Juliet is too young to marry. Earth hath swallowed all my hopes but she. moment, Juliet is Capulets only surviving child. She is the hopeful lady of my earth. He wants things to go right for his much love daughter.The death of Tybalt causes Capulet to realise life is short and that Juliet should marry Paris to make her secure in life. Juliet refuses Paris as a husband so Capulet threatens to throw Juliet out because she is disgracing Capulet. He says, You shall not house with me. And you be not hang, beg, starve, founder in the streets Although he did not do this to be horrible, he just valued the best for his daughter and he considered the best to be Paris a lovely gentleman Juliet appears to lose a formal relationship with her mother, Lady Capulet. Juliet has not been raised by her Mother, but by her breastfeed. in that respect is a lack of emotion between the mother and daughter. Throughout the play there is very belittled conversation between the two, and Lady Capulet only setms to deliver messages, and do as Capulet tells her. She seems to have no fountain or place in Juliets life. The nurse has raised Juliet and Capulet makes all the important decisions. Juliets nurse takes messages between Romeo and Juliet making the relationship easier for them. As I told you, my lady bade me inquire you out. -The nurse address to Romeo. When Romeo tells the nurse of the marriage, the nurse replies This afternoon sir?Well, she shall be there. The nurse can travel freely around Verona and suspicions are not raised when she speaks to Romeo, unlike Juliet, who would rarely be allowed out of the Capulets mansion, let alone to speak to a male and a family enemy. Friar Lawrences externalize to Turn your households rancour to pure love. was a good idea but misguided. If he had refused to marry the couple then perhaps their dedication to each other would not have been so strong. If Benvolio had not persuaded Romeo to come to the party then he would never have seen Juliet and a relationship would not have started.Juliet would probably have ended up marrying Paris and would have found another lover to idolise. Courtly love is a part of both Romeo and Juliets lives, although not involved in their relationship together. Romeo at first wishes to court Rosalyn but she is not interested. The love Paris had got for Juliet is courtly. When Paris speaks to Capulet he says, Now my lord, what say you to my suit. and Younger than she are happy mothers made. There is no character reference to how much he loves Juliet but that he wants to make Juliet a happy mother. There is no squelch between the two.Paris arranged the marriage th rough Capulet. Juliet appears to have no affection towards Paris, as she save knows him. After Tybalts Death, the marriage to Paris is forced upon Juliet. When Romeo and Juliet first met there was a fascination between them that continues throughout the entire play, although it is far more(prenominal) obvious at the beginning of the story. When they first met there was lots of speak and Romeo plays words and refers to blushing pilgrims (his lips) and a shrine (her hands). After this meeting the feelings that they have for each other becomes deeper.Juliet is the sun, elevate fair sun and kill the envious stargaze. Romeo is so in love with Juliet, he is comparing her to the goddess of the moon and saying that Juliet is far more beautiful. Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven, having some business, do entreat her eyes. once again Romeo is comparing her spiritual representations. He is almost saying she is more than human. Juliet is what all mankind look up to with the urg e to explore, and yet not quite understanding what is attracting them to her. Romeos love soon turns to lust O whilt though leave me so unsatisfied? (Act 2, Scene 2).Romeo is basically asking Juliet if she is going to make love to him. Her reply is that she will only make love to him if they are married. At this point their relationship enters a new level of commitment, and once married, a more mature relationship is established. Once Romeo is banished foe cleanup position Tybalt, it becomes clear how dedicated Juliet really is. If the plan had gone right, Juliet would have given up her family and security to live with Romeo and to be his wife invariably. Upon hearing about Romeo being banished for her cousins death, Juliet says, Ill go to my nuptials bed, and death, not Romeo, take my maidenhead. (Act 3, Scene 2) She would preferably die a virgin that night, than live without Romeo. But because the plan went wrong, we see Juliet has all consuming feelings of love for Romeo a nd their relationship. When discovering Juliets death, Romeo asks Balthasar Hast thou no letters to me from the friar? the Friars letter had not been delivered to Romeo and so he is unaware that Juliet is just under the Friars concoction. However, unaware of the circumstances, Romeo heads back to Juliet. On seeing her body he swears they will live forever and he swallows the poison.Seal with a righteous kiss a dateless bargain to engrossing death. Meaning that he and Juliet will be together forever in death (Act 5, Scene 3). When Juliet awakes she is shocked to see Romeos dead body lying next to her. She cannot live without Romeo so she stabs herself with Romeos dagger and as she does so she says, O happy dagger This is thy sheath there rest and let me die She would rather be dead than live without her one true love. The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet could still happen in nowadayss society as the amount of control that Capulet had over Juliet still exists today although perhaps no t to such a high degree.It could cause a teenager to rebel against their parents and go with the person their parents would judge of most. Juliet has quite a remote and emotionless relationship with her mother and a girl today may well seek the attention and love of an older male to replace the affection that she doesnt procure at home. People today still have arranged marriages, either as a part of religion or tradition. If they could not support themselves without their parents, then they may marry so they dont end up on the streets. There are still people committing suicide because of love. intimately people can be so deeply in love that they are willing to die if their partner died because they see no point in living without them. Friends loyalties are, generally, to their friends and not to their parents. This could lead to messages and rumours being passed between the two partners form their friends. Also Love at first sight is not a third estate occurrence but it does ha ppen. There are factors though, that makes the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet happening in today very unrealistic. In todays society, children would not necessarily have to marry someone they dont want to.Most parents dont want their children to rush into marriage at that age. Parents today are more comfortable with their children dating and family feuds still occur but are far less common. Marriage is no long-life a lifetime commitment. Divorce is a common practise between couples who no longer want to be together for whatever reason. This means there is no real reason to commit suicide to escape a relationship you dont want to be in. Several of the primeval events, which make Romeo and Juliet a true tragedy, come back down to fate. It would be extremely difficult, or nearly impossible to find a drug that would make you appear dead.Even if you could, communication is much easier now than it was in Shakespeares time and an e-mail, phone call or text message could have been sent inste ad. Also it is now quite rare to find someone who cant read. This would mean that the party would not have been known. But this is today so the news of someone having a party would not stay a secret for long and the word would spread quickly. I personally believe that the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet could still happen in todays society but it would not be on the same scale as the story of Romeo and Juliet.

Jose Rizal

Definition of Measurement Measurementis the process or the result of determining theratioof a natural quantity, such as a length, time, temperature etc. , to a whole of measure, such as the meter, second or degree Celsius. The science of measurement is calledmetrology. The English forward-lookingsworthinessmeasurementoriginates from theLatinmensuraand the verbmetirithrough theMiddle Frenchmesure. Reference http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Measurement Measurement Quantities *Basic Fundamental criterion institute/s (Common) step type/s SI unit name SI unit token Dimension symbol Length, width, height, depth a, b, c, d, h, l, r, s, w, x, y, z metre m L Time t second s T Mass m kilogram kg M Temperature T, ? kelvin K ? gist ofsubstance, emergence of ramparts n mole mol N Electric current i, I ampere A I Luminous intensity Iv wax light Cd J Plane angle ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? radianian rad dimensionless Solid angle ? , ? steradian sr dimensionless Derived Quantities set Common) Quantity name/s (Common) Quantity symbol SI unit Dimension (Spatial)position (vector) r,R,a,d m L Angular position, angle of rotation ( go off be treated as vector or scalar) ? ,? rad dimensionless Area, cross-section A, S, ? m2 L2 Vector argona(Magnitude of outdoors area, directed normal totangentialplane of surface) m2 L2 Volume ? , V m3 L3 Quantity Typical symbols Definition Meaning, usage Dimension Quantity q q Amount of a berth q Rate of motley of quantity,Time derivative Rate of change of property with respect to time q T? 1 Quantity spacial density ? volume density (n= 3),? = surface density (n= 2),? = linear density (n= 1)No roughhewn symbol forn-space density, here(predicate)? nis used. Amount of property per unit n-space(length, area, volume or higher dimensions) qL-n Specific quantity qm Amount of property per unit push-down stack qL-n Molar quantity qn Amount of property per mole of substance qL-n Quantity gradient (ifqis ascalar field. Rate of change of property with respect to position q L? 1 spectral quantity (for EM waves) qv, q? , q? Two definitions are used, for frequency and wavelength Amount of property per unit wavelength or frequency. qL? 1(q? )qT (q? ) Flux, flow (synonymous) ? F,F Two definitions are usedTransport mechanics,nuclear natural philosophy/particle physics Vector field Flow of a property though a cross-section/surface boundary. q T? 1L? 2, F L2 Flux density F Flow of a property though a cross-section/surface boundary per unit cross-section/surface area F Current i, I Rate of flow of property through a crosssection/ surface boundary q T? 1 Current density (sometimes called flux density in transport mechanics) j, J Rate of flow of property per unit cross-section/surface area q T? 1L? Reference http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Physical_quantityGeneral_derived_quantities http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Physical_quantityBase_quantities System of Units Unit name Unit symbol Quantity Definition (Incomplete) D imension symbol metre m length * captain(1793)1? 10000000of the meridian through Paris between the unification Pole and the EquatorFG * Current(1983) The distance travelled by light in vacuum in1? 299792458of a second L kilogramnote 1 kg mass * Original(1793) Thegravewas defined as beingness the tilt mass of matchless cubic decimetre of pure water at its frost point.FG * Current(1889) The mass of the International Prototype Kilogram M second s time * Original(Medieval)1? 86400of a day * Current(1967) The duration of9 192 631 770periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the ii hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom T ampere A electric current * Original(1881) A tenth of the electromagnetic CGS unit of current. The CGS emu unit of current is that current, flowing in an arc 1cm long of a circle 1cm in rundle creates a field of one oersted at the centre. 37. IEC * Current(1946) The constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1m apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7newton per metre of length I kelvin K thermodynamic temperature * Original(1743) Thecentigrade scaleis obtained by assigning 0 to the freezing point of water and 100 to the boiling point of water. * Current(1967) The fraction 1/273. 16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water ? mole mol amount of substance * Original(1900) The molecular weight of a substance in mass grams. ICAW * Current(1967) The amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0. 012 kilogram of carbon 12. note 2 N cadmium cd luminous intensity * Original(1946)The value of the new candle is such that the b proper(a)ness of the salutary radiator at the temperature of solidification of platinum is 60 new candles per square centimetre * Current(1979) The luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540? 012hertz and that has a refulgent intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. J Reference http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_System_of_Units scientific Notation Scientific bankers bill(more comm tho cognise asstandard form) is a way of writing chips that are too big or too small to be conveniently written in ten-fold form. Scientific notation has a offspring of useful properties and is comm yet used in calculators and by scientists, mathematicians and engineers.In scientific notation all song are written in the form of (atimes ten increase to the power ofb), where the business leaderbis aninteger, and thecoefficientais anyreal itemise(however, seenormalized notationbelow), called thesignificandormantissa. The term mantissa whitethorn cause confusion, however, because it can also refer to thefractionalpart of the commonlogarithm. If the bend is negative then a minus sign precedesa(as in ordinary tenfold notation). -Converting numbers Converting a number in these cases means to either convert the number into scientific notation form, convert it back into denary form or to change the exponent part of the equation. None of these diversify the actual number, only how its expressed. Decimal to scientific First, move the quantitative separator point the required amount,n, to puddle the numbers value within a desired range, between 1 and 10 for normalized notation. If the tenfold was travel to the left, caterx10n to the right,x10-n.To represent the number 1,230,400 in normalized scientific notation, the decimal separator would be moved 6 digits to the left andx106appended, resulting in1. 2304? 106. The number -0. 0040321 would have its decimal separator shifted 3 digits to the right sooner of the left and yield? 4. 0321? 10? 3as a result. Scientific to decimal Converting a number from scientific notation to decimal notation, first remove thex 10non the end, then shift the decimal separatorndigits to the right (positiven) or left (negativen). The number1. 2304? 06would have its decimal separator shifted 6 digits to the right and become 1 230 400, while? 4. 0321? 10? 3would have its decimal separator moved 3 digits to the left and be-0. 0040321. Exponential Conversion between dissimilar scientific notation government agencys of the same number with various exponential values is achieved by performing opposite operations of multiplication or division by a power of ten on the significand and an subtraction or addition of one on the exponent part. The decimal separator in the significand is shiftedxplaces to the left (or right) and 1xis added to (subtracted from) the exponent, as shown below. . 234? 103=12. 34? 102=123. 4? 101= 1234 world-shaking Figures The operative estimates(also cognise as crucial digits, and often shortened tosig figs) of a number are thosedigitsthat have got meaning contributing to its clearcutn ess. This includes all digitsexcept * leadingandtrailing zeroswhich are merely placeholders to indicate the scale of the number. * gilded digits introduced, for example, by calculations carried out to greater precision than that of the original data, or measurements reported to a greater precision than the equipment supports.Inaccuracy of a measuring device does not affect the number of significant figures in a measurement made using that device, although it does affect the accuracy. A measurement made using a plastic ruler that has been left out in the sun or a beaker that unbeknownst to the technician has a few glass in beads at the bottom has the same number of significant figures as a significantly different measurement of the same physical object made using an unaltered ruler or beaker. The number of significant figures reflects the devices precision, but not itsaccuracy.The basic concept of significant figures is often used in corporation withrounding. Rounding to significa nt figures is a more general-purpose technique than rounding tondecimal places, since it handles numbers of different scales in a uniform way. For example, the population of a city might only be known to the nearest thousand and be stated as 52,000, while the population of a demesne might only be known to the nearest million and be stated as 52,000,000. The motive might be in mistake by hundreds, and the latter might be in error by hundreds of thousands, but both have two significant figures (5 and 2).This reflects the fact that the importation of the error (its probable size relative to the size of the quantity being measured) is the same in both cases. Computer representations of blow point numberstypically use a form of rounding to significant figures, but withdouble star numbers. The number of correct significant figures is closely related to the notion ofrelative error(which has the advantage of being a more accurate measure of precision, and is independent of the radix of the number system used).The term significant figures can also refer to a crude form of error representation based some significant-digit rounding for this use, seesignificance arithmetic. The rules for identifying significant figures when writing or interpreting numbers are as follows * All non-zero digits are considered significant. For example, 91 has two significant figures (9 and 1), while 123. 45 has five significant figures (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). * Zeros appearing anywhere between two non-zero digits are significant. Example 101. 12 has five significant figures 1, 0, 1, 1 and 2. Leading zeros are not significant. For example, 0. 00052 has two significant figures 5 and 2. * Trailing zeros in a number containing a decimal point are significant. For example, 12. 2300 has six significant figures 1, 2, 2, 3, 0 and 0. The number 0. 000122300 still has only six significant figures (the zeros before the 1 are not significant). In addition, 120. 00 has five significant figures since it has 3 trailing zeros. This convention clarifies the precision of such numbers for example, if a measurement very(prenominal) to four decimal places (0. 001) is given as 12. 23 then it might be understood that only two decimal places of precision are available. Stating the result as 12. 2300 makes clear that it is precise to four decimal places (in this case, six significant figures). * The significance of trailing zeros in a number not containing a decimal point can be ambiguous. For example, it may not always be clear if a number like 1300 is precise to the nearest unit (and just happens coincidentally to be an exact multiple of a hundred) or if it is only shown to the nearest hundred due to rounding or un authorizedty.Various conventions exist to address this issue * A lugmay be placed over the last significant figure any trailing zeros future(a) this are insignificant. For example, 1300 has three significant figures (and hence indicates that the number is precise to the neares t ten). * The last significant figure of a number may be underlined for example, 2000 has two significant figures. * A decimal point may be placed after the number for example 100. indicates specifically that three significant figures are meant. * In the combination of a number and aunit of measurementthe ambiguity can be voided by choosing a suitableunit prefix. For example, the number of significant figures in a mass specified as 1300g is ambiguous, while in a mass of 13h? g or 1. 3kg it is not. Rounding Off Numbers Roundinga numerical value means replacement it by another value that is approximately equal but has a shorter, simpler, or more unmistakable representation for example, replacing ? 23. 4476 with ? 23. 45, or the fraction 312/937 with 1/3, or the expression v2 with 1. 414. Rounding is often through on purpose to obtain a value that is easier to write and handle than the original.It may be make also to indicate the accuracy of a computed number for example, a quantit y that was computed as 123,456 but is known to be accurate only to within a few hundred units is better stated as about 123,500. On the other hand, rounding introduces someround-off errorin the result. Rounding is almost unavoidable in many computations especially when dividing two numbers inintegerorfixed-point arithmetic when reckoning mathematical functions such assquare roots,logarithms, andsines or when using afloating pointrepresentation with a fixed number of significant digits.In a sequence of calculations, these rounding errors generally accumulate, and in certainill-conditionedcases they may make the result meaningless. Accurate rounding oftranscendental mathematical functionsis difficult because the number of spare digits that need to be calculated to resolve whether to round up or down cannot be known in advance. This problem is known as the table-makers dilemma. Rounding has many similarities to thequantizationthat occurs whenphysical quantities essential be encode d by numbers ordigital signals. Typical rounding problems are pproximating an irrational number by a fraction, e. g. ,? by 22/7 approximating a fraction with periodic decimal expansion by a finite decimal fraction, e. g. , 5/3 by 1. 6667 replacing arational numberby a fraction with smaller numerator and denominator, e. g. , 3122/9417 by 1/3 replacing a fractionaldecimal numberby one with fewer digits, e. g. , 2. 1784 dollars by 2. 18 dollars replacing a decimalintegerby an integer with more trailing zeros, e. g. , 23,217 people by 23,200 people or, in general, replacing a value by a multiple of a specified amount, e. . , 27. 2 seconds by 30 seconds (a multiple of 15). Conversion of Units Process The process of transmutation depends on the specific situation and the mean purpose. This may be governed by regulation,contract,Technical specificationsor other publishedstandards. Engineering judgment may include such factors as * Theprecision and accuracyof measurement and the associat eduncertainty of measurement * The statistical agency intervalortolerance intervalof the initial measurement * The number ofsignificant figuresof the measurement The intend use of the measurement including theengineering tolerances Some changeovers from one system of units to another need to be exact, without increase or decreasing the precision of the first measurement. This is sometimes calledsoft conversion. It does not involve changing the physical configuration of the item being measured. By contrast, ahard conversionor anadaptive conversionmay not be exactly equivalent. It changes the measurement to convenient and workable numbers and units in the new system. It sometimes involves a slightly different configuration, or size substitution, of the item.Nominal valuesare sometimes allowed and used. contemporaries factors Conversion between units in themetric systemcan be discerned by theirprefixes(for example, 1 kilogram = 1000grams, 1 milligram = 0. 001grams) and are thus not l isted in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10? 6metre). control panel ordering Within each table, the units are listed alphabetically, and theSIunits (base or derived) are highlighted. - Tables of conversion factorsThis article gives lists of conversion factors for each of a number of physical quantities, which are listed in the index. For each physical quantity, a number of different units (some only of historical interest) are shown and expressed in terms of the corresponding SI unit. falsehood Symbol Definition ? exactly equal to ? approximately equal to digits indicates thatdigitsrepeat infinitely (e. g. 8. 294369corresponds to8. 294369369369369) (H) of chiefly historical interest ASSIGNMENT IN PHYSICS I-LEC Submitted by Balagtas, Glen Paulo R. BS Marine Transportation-I Submitted to Mrs. Elizabeth Gabriel Professor in Physics-LecJose Rizal compose a reflection paper tracing the development of Rizal as a r eformist who began to work for changes in his country using a) one (1) work from Rizal As A Reformist b) the Noli Me Tangere Show also the significance of these works on Filipino high society today and how it can change todays trends. Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa by Dr. Jose P. Rizal (keyword bang of country) Rizals Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa was written in 1882 when Rizal was 21 historic period old.Rizal was away in Spain for only a month, which may have inspired him to write this publications because he misses his homeland. This work of Rizal is a very significant work of Rizal as a reformist because it expresses his dear love for his native land. As he wrote this literature and felt his love for his country, he builds the foundation of him being a reformist because of the drive to fight for change. by means of Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, Rizal realizes how much he loves his country and that it has fallen into the wrong governance and that this needs to be changed.Through the l ines Maging anuman nga ang kalagayan natin, ay nararapat nating mahalin siya at walang ibang bagay na dapat naisin tayo kundi ang kagalingan niya (referring to Philippines) Rizal explicitly reveals his love for the country and expresses the importance to love and work for the betterment of our homeland. It can also be seen in these lines that even if he is out of the country studying, he will do his part as a Filipino to fight for the rights of every Filipino.Today, this work of Rizal may allot as a reminder for all the people in this country that being a Filipino calls for a duty to act our native land and fellow citizens. If though Rizals work, Filipinos realize their duty as a citizen and love for their country, the Philippines would be a better place to live in and it would be easy to manipulate the society towards a furtherive nation. Noli Me Tangere by Dr. Jose P. Rizal Rizals well-known novel entitled Noli Me Tangere is one of his works that intelligibly expresses Rizal as a reformist.Rizal finished his first novel when he was at the age of 26 years old. The hero was penniless, good thanks to his friend Maximo Viola who supported him and shouldered the publication of this novel, the reason why we have a copy in our hands. In this novel, Rizal conveys his belief that breeding is very important and is an utile tool for reform in the country. Rizal was very brave to depict the issues in the Philippines such as corruptness and oppression through the characters and storyline in his novel.The Noli Me Tangere was a very expressive move of Rizal to start the vex for liberal reform for the country. In this book, Rizal shares his personal experiences at the harsh hands of the Spaniards, as well as experiences shared by his loved ones. Rizals brave soul to publish a novel containing these experiences and lessons, encourages Filipinos to be continuous is learning as he did. It again, boils down to his belief that education will strengthen ones principles i n life and even open your world to the experiences of other people.Until today, Noli Me Tangere and its sequel El Filibusterismo serve as an inspiration for writers to express through literature any present issues in the society. It also evokes the cerebration of liberalism in such a way that Filipinos has become open-minded to innovations and beliefs that will benefit the country. Most importantly, education is very well valued, as tool needed by every individual to help progress the country.